1. What are the basic ingredients needed to make candles?
To start making candles, you’ll need:
- Wax (soy, beeswax, paraffin, or coconut)
- Wicks
- A container or mould
- Fragrance oils (optional)
- Colourants (optional)
- A double boiler or microwave-safe jug for melting
- A thermometer
2. Which type of wax is best for beginners?
Soy wax is highly recommended for beginners. It’s natural, easy to work with, has a clean burn, and holds fragrance well. Beeswax is also lovely but can be a bit trickier due to its higher melting point.
3. How do I choose the right wick?
The size and type of wick depend on the wax you’re using and the diameter of your container. A wick that’s too small won’t burn properly, and one that’s too large can cause smoking or tunnelling.
4. Can I add essential oils to my candles?
Yes, but not all essential oils are suitable due to their flashpoints. It’s important to ensure the oil is safe for burning and to add it at the correct temperature (usually between 60–70°C for soy wax) to preserve the scent.
5. Why is my candle tunnelling?
Tunnelling occurs when the wick doesn’t create a full melt pool across the candle’s surface. Always burn your candle for at least 2–3 hours on the first burn to allow the wax to melt evenly.
6. What is the flashpoint of fragrance oils and why does it matter?
The flashpoint is the temperature at which the oil can evaporate or ignite. Adding fragrance oil above its flashpoint can cause the scent to evaporate or degrade, resulting in a weak-smelling candle.
7. How much fragrance oil should I use?
Generally, use 6–10% fragrance oil by weight of wax. For example, for 1kg of wax, you’d use 60–100ml of fragrance oil. Always check the maximum load for your specific wax.
8. Why does my candle have sinkholes or uneven tops?
This is a common issue, especially with soy wax. It can happen as the wax cools and contracts. You can fix it with a heat gun or top it up with a small amount of melted wax.
9. Can I reuse leftover wax?
Absolutely! Leftover wax can be melted down and reused. Just be mindful of the scent – mixing too many different fragrances can create an odd smell.
10. How long should I cure my candles before burning them?
For the best scent throw, allow your candles to cure for at least 48 hours, although 1–2 weeks is ideal for soy wax. This gives the fragrance time to bind fully with the wax.
